MPO vs MTP® Taura: Nga Whakawhitinga, Whakaaturanga, Te Tūhinga, me te Whiriwhiri
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Te Whakawhiti Hiko Hiko (ESD): Nga Take, Nga Pātea, Te Tiaki, me te Whakamātautau
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Tirotiro: 760
Te whakawhiti hiko hiko (ESD) he whakawhiti hiko ohorere i waenganui i nga objects e kiia ana nga hiahia hiko hiko rerekē. I roto i nga hiko, ahakoa he whakawhiti kei te iti rawa mo te tangata ki te kite ka taea te pānga ki nga ripa semiconductors, nga oxides keeti, nga taupoki, nga kaipōti, me nga wāhi whakawhiti mōhiohio. Na reira, ko te tiaki ESD pono e hiahia ana i te mea nui atu i te tāpiri ringa, i tetahi TVS diode; he kōwhiringa te ahua o nga tauira, te rautaki PCB, te whenua, te whakahaere, me te whakamātautau tika.
Kākau
He aha te Whakawhiti Hiko Hiko (ESD)?
Ko te whakawhiti hiko hiko ko te neke ki te tere o te hiko i waenganui i nga whakaritenga e rerekē ana te pāmahana hiko.
Ka taea te whakawhiti ma te whakapā tika, he ihi i te rangi, , i tetahi atu huarahi āwhina.
I roto i nga pūnaha hiko, ka taea e te ESD te urunga ma nga whakakotahi, taputapu, te pā metal, nga pātu, nga cable, nga wāhi whakamātautau, mēnā ka pāngia nga kōwae me nga whakahaere PCB. Ka taea e te whakawhiti te whakakino i te wā me te hanga i nga pātea huna e whakahekea ana te ūnanga i te wa roa.
Ka pēhea te ESD me te aha e ngoikore ai nga Hiko
Ka taea te koha hiko i ngā wa e pā ana nga rawa ka torotoro me te wehe, ka whakamahi i tetahi taputapu o te hiko hiko ki tetahi atu kātahi, i te wā e haere ana nga tāngata, ngā kōtiro, ngā taputapu, me ngā taputapu i roto i te taiao whakaū.
Ka taea te tangata e haere ana i runga i te papa, e tango ana i te pātea pēhia, e whakahaere ana i ngā rawa whakaū, e pā ana ki te whakakotahi hiko ka waihanga he hui ESD ki te wā ka kitea te koha hiko me te huarahi whakawhiti.
Kei te noho ngā hanganga semiconductors hou i te āwangawanga nāna i te whakatupu te āhua pātea e tino iti ana me te pāmahana nui i te wa e tangohia ana.
Ka taea e te pātea ESD te whakauru i te kāwai dielectrica, te pātea tōpū, te pātea interconnect, me te wera i te waahi.
| ESD Puna |
Ka ngana te whakaritenga |
Te Tūpono Matua |
| Tangata |
Te whakahaere i te PCB, i te IC |
Ka whakawhiti te koha i roto i te pokanga taputapu, i te pākaha e kīa ana |
| Te taputapu pātea |
Te whakahaere aunoa, te poutokomanawa |
Ka te pātea i te wā e pā ana ki te whenua |
| Te taputapu metala |
Ka pā te taputapu ki te pātea ESDS |
Te whakawhiti tere i te pokanga metal ki te pokanga |
| Cable, whakarato |
Ka whakauru te kaiwhakamahi, ka pā ki te interface |
Ka uru te ESD ki te pūnaha ma I/O rārangi |
| Rawa whakaū |
Pēke, taura, pāti, pou |
Ka taea te hanga, te pupuri i te pāmahana hiko nui |
| Te pāka whakahaere |
Te patoto, ngā whakairo, ngā taputapu aunoa |
Ka taea te koha te pūeru i runga i ngā hua, i runga i nga whakahaere isolated |
Ka taea te hui i tetahi hui ESD te whakaputa i tetahi he pakari e kitea ana i te wā, e honore ana i te pātea huna e huri mai i te whakamātau tuatahi engari ka huri i te whakakīkī atu.
ESD vs. Te Whakaharahara Hiko
ESD me te whakaharahara hiko (EOS) ka taea te patu i ngā taputapu ā-tihi, engari he rerekē ngā tikanga mō te pūngao
Ko te ESD he ngana poto e pā ana ki te whakawhiti whakatairanga hiko. E āhua ana i ngā panoni mana me te hiko tere i ngā tauira whakahekenga pērā i te HBM, CDM, e noho mai ana rānei i te whakamātautau IEC 61000-4-2 mō te pūnaha.
Ko te whakaharahara hiko e pā ana ki te āhuatanga hiko e pāhaere ana i waho o te rohe e hiahia ana, pērā i te pāhūhū, te hiko teitei, he huarahi hiko he, ngā panoni, i ngā mōhiohio hiko pūoro.
Ko te tukino ā-pūnaha e taea ana te āhua ki te rerekē, tae atu ki te pakaru o ngā semiconductor, te tukino whakarewa, te tukino āhuru, i ngā taputapu pare. Nō reira, ko ngā tohu hinga anake kāore e taea te whakamōhio e te ESD te take.
Ko te tātai hinga ka hiahia pea ki te whakaputa whakamahere, te ine ā-tahua, te tirohia ā-pūnaha, te whakaahuahia hiko, me te tāwharau ki ngā tohu pāhūhū ESD me EOS e mōhiotia ana.
E pā hāngai ana ki te ESD me te Rawa o te Pānga: HBM, CDM, me te Pūnaha Whānui ESD
Ko te whakamātautau ESD e whakamahi i ngā tauira rerekē nāna i tino pāhekoheko, kāore e pērā anō te whakarere, pukatono, irokaha, i te whakatū whare.
Kaupapa Iwi (HBM)
Ko te Kaupapa Iwi (HBM) e whakaatu ana i te tangata e pāhū ana e whakawhiti ana i te whakamahinga ā-tihi.
Ko ANSI/ESDA/JEDEC JS-001 e whakatau ana i te whakamātautau kaha HBM i te taumata taputapu me te whakarōpū.
Ko JS-001 HBM he whakamātautau ā-raukume i te taumata taputapu. Ko te pāhū e mōhiotia ana he hōhonu 2–10 ns, he pīra hiko tata ki te 0.67 A/kV, me te hōtaka pū e tata ana ki te 200 ns.
Ko te whakamātautau HBM e arotake ana i te pānga o ngā taputapu semiconductor i ngā wā e raru ana me te whakaurunga.
Kaupapa Hiko Pū (CDM)
Ko te Kaupapa Hiko Pū (CDM) e whakaatu ana i te taputapu e pāhū ana i te wā e whakamōhiotia ana e te ngaro hiko ki te mea ka pā ki te mea pāhū.
Ko CDM he ngaro i ngā ngāwari, i runga i te pūhanga ki te pākete. Nāna i hutia tonu te taumata e whakatairanga ana i te hanganga pākete, te kitea hiko, te ara whakawhiti, me te mea whakamātautau.
Ko ANSI/ESDA/JEDEC JS-002-2025 e whakatau ana i te whakamātautau kaha CDM i te taumata taputapu.
Te Whakamātautau IEC 61000-4-2 i te Pūnaha
Ko IEC 61000-4-2 e arotake ana i te āntaha ESD o ngā taputapu whakahaere e pāhū ana ki te kaiwhakamahi me ngā pāhū ā-āhuarangi.
Ko IEC 61000-4-2 ehara i te tauira whakakāhiko pūhanga e pā ana ki te HBM, ki te CDM anake i te kāhua voltahiko.
Ko te tikanga whakamātau, nāna te irokaha, te pāhū i te ara whakawhiti, me te taiao tono rerekē.
| Tauira |
Te Whāinga Whakamātautau |
Rawa Pāhū |
Irokaha / Ē koutou Ahuatanga |
Tino karaehe |
| HBM (JS-001) |
Te whakamātautau kaha ā-raukume i te taumata taputapu |
Rawa pea he mea e pāhū ana |
Ko te tiwhikete 2–10 ns te pāhū, te pīra tata ki te 0.67 A/kV, te hōtaka pū e tata ana ki te 200 ns |
Te tiaki i te IC me ngā whakahaere me te whakatū. |
| CDM (JS-002-2025) |
Te whakamātautau kaha whakanikanga ā-raukume i te taumata taputapu |
Ko te taputapu e pāhū ana i a ia anake |
Pūkete pupuhi i te pāhū, e pā ana ki te tū e rata ana ki te pākete |
Ngā whakahaere e arotahi ki te pokokohua e pā hāngai ana ki te taputapu |
| IEC 61000-4-2 |
Te whakamātautau ā-āhuarangi o ngā taputapu i whai wāhi |
Ko te kaiwhakamahi o waho, te mea e tata ana |
Te whakaheke pāhūata i te pūnaha, me te whakatakoto whakamātautau |
Te tohu EMI i te taumata hua |
Ahakoa ko te taputapu e pāhū ana i te HBM, i te CDM kāore e pānui anake te hua e ka tika ki te IEC 61000-4-2.
Whakaahua 1. Ngā rerekētanga i waenga i te HBM, CDM, me ngā pāhū ESD IEC 61000-4-2
Ko te Whakahiko ESD i te Rawa me te Hoahoa PCB
Ko te tiaki ESD me nui te pupuri i te hiko pāhū i te wā e te hanga e mahuta ana kō ngana.
Te Pāka e Pānui ana i te Whakanikanga ESD
Ko ngā diodes TVS me ngā huinga e pa ana ki te ESD he mea whakamahia i ngā huarahi waho.
Ka mau tonu te taputapu tiaki, kāore e taea whakauru ki te āhuatanga e pā ana ki te Tohu ESD hiko. Me āta tirohia ngā tikanga whakamātautau, ngā whakaurunga e pā ana ki te ki te pāhanga, te rārangi PCB, me ngā whakaritenga.
| Tino Pūnaha |
He aha ki te Tirohia |
| VRWM (pūhiko hiko) |
Me waiho hei teitei ake i te pāhū i te mōhiotanga e pā ana ki te whakamahi |
| VBR (te pāhū) |
E arotake ana i te kaha whakamātautau i te hiko e whakahau ai te rongo ki te wā e tiaki ana. |
| VC (pāhū hiko) |
Tūhono i te āhua pea o te pāmunu i te katoa; kāore e taea te neke ki te pānga IEC iti i te wā e pupuhi ana i te pāmnui i te wā roa |
| Te āhua dyna |
Ka whakatau i te kaha e piki haere ana te pāmnui i te wā e piki ana te pāmunu |
| Te whanonga TLP |
He whaihua mō te tātaritanga i te whakahaere pāmunu i ngā wā whakatōia, te whanonga whakaoho, me ngā āhuatanga teitei e pā ana ki te pāmnui |
| Te pāmunu leakage |
He mea nui mō ngā hikoiti iti, ngā kakau teitei, me ngā ara analoga pāngarau |
| Te whakahaere i te kāinga |
Ka pā atu ki te pāmnui ki ngā wā e piki ana te pānga pahū i te wā e piki haere ana te pāmunu |
| Te whakarite kana |
Tāutuhia te maha o ngā raina toihau me te momo e hiahiatia ana |
| Te pāmahi me ngā S-pāramita / te ngaro tango |
He mea nui mō USB, HDMI, Ethernet, RF, me ētahi atu interfaz rorohiko tere |
Ko ngā tātara pūnaha IEC 61000-4-2 e whakaatu ana i te whakaritenga whakamātautau, ā, kāore e proving te pāmnui i te wā e tae ana ki te IC i tiakina.
Ko te pāmnui i te kākā tiakina e pā ana ki te huarahi tiaki katoa, tae atu ki ngā āhuatanga taputapu me te anga PCB.
Te Whakaatu me te Rūnanga PCB
Whakaahua 2. Ko te tūtohi ESD ki te Whakaatu me te Huarahi Pāmunu Tērā
Me noho te taputapu ESD ki te pākihi, i te wā e uru ana te pāmnui ki te papa, pērā i te hononga.
Ko te huarahi pāmunu i ngā kōpuha ki te taputapu tiaki me kāti ki te pūtake e hiahiatia ana, me te waiho e pāheke ki te iti o te whakahaere.
Kati te whiu i waenganui i te kōpuha me te taputapu TVS e āhei ana ki te tautoko i te pāmnui hou i mua i te piki i te pā түркawa i te rōpū tiaki.
He hononga tuatahi mō te pāmnui i te kākā tiakina ko te:
Vresidual(t) ≈ VTVS(IESD) + Lpath × di/dt
kei reira:
Vresidual(t) ko te pāmnui e puta ana i te kākā tiakina,
VTVS(IESD) ko te pāmnui TVS i te pāmnui ESD tūturu,
Lpath ko te pūou o te huarahi pāmunu,
di/dt ko te tere huringa pāmunu i te wā e pāheke ana.
Ka taea e te pūou whakairo, te pūou kāinga, te wāhi i tōna āhua, me te pūou huri ki te piki ake i te pāmnui i te kākā tiakina ki runga i te uara e pā ana ki te hoahoa TVS.
Ko te DC absolute-maximum rating o te IC kātahi kāore e tika hei whakamahinga ngākau o te ESD. Me whakanui i te pānā pū, te whakautu tiaki, te pūou whey, me te pāmnui i te kākā tiakina.
Ko ngā pānga rongoā kāore e tātea ki te tiaki ESD e pai ana ki te pāme i te pāmunu.
Te Tūhono ki te Hunga
I te wā e wātea ana he pouaka conductive, e taea ana te huri i te whakawhitinga te kōpuha rōpū me te pāmnui ESD ki te whare.
Ko te huarahi tika e pā ana ki te hoahoa kūwaha, tūtohi EM, te hanga kōpuha, te rautaki tiaki, me ngā whakaritenga pārū.
Mō ngā interfaz tere, me tiaki hoki te mōhio ki te pāmnui ESD. Ko te nui o te capacitance o te taputapu tiaki ka tino kī ki ngā rauemi tirohanga, te ngaro ki te tango, ranei te pānga RF.
Te whakahaere ESD i te hanga me te whakahaere
Ko te tiaki circuit kāore e whakakapi i te kōrero tiaki ESD i te wā e hanga ana, e pā ana, ki te tirotiro, noma, rongoā.
IEC 61340-5-1:2024 e whakarato ana i ngā whakaritenga mō ngā whakahaere e hāpai ana i ngā wāhanga hiko ESD.
E pā ana te paereo ki ngā kōwhiringa i whakaritea i te 100 V HBM me te 200 V CDM, me te tookanga hūmāro i raro i te 35 V. Ko ngā tāuira rātonga iti e hiahiatia ana ki ngā whakaritenga tiaki e pttahi ana ki te taumātuha.
ANSI/ESD S20.20 e whakarato ana i ngā whakaritenga whakahaere me ngā pānga hangarau mō te whakarite me te pupuri i te kaupapa whakahaere ESD.
| Te Tautoko Takiwa |
Te Take Whakatau |
| Ko te takiwa ki te tiaki ESD |
E paā ana ki nā wāhanga hāngai e tiakina ana |
| Te pātea tāhengia |
Ka aukati i te kaha ki te hī ika i nga kaipōti |
| Ngā kākahu tīwha |
Ka whakarato i te hūrorohanga pai mō ngā whakahaere noho |
| Ngā kākahu mō ngā waewae me ngā papa |
Ka āwhina ki te whakahaere i te pāmnui i te wā e neke ana |
| Ngā pātea mahi whakawhiti |
Ka huri i nga pāngaru ka whakarato i te hurahura |
| Ngā taputapu me ngā taputapu tiaki |
Ka aukati i nga mea pāta ki te whāpu o te hī ika |
| Ionization |
Ka whakaiti i te hī ika i runga i ngā īnara kāore e taea te porohita ki tetahi atu |
| Ko ngā tupuni ESD haumaru |
Ka tiaki i ngā taputapu i te wā e penapena ana me te whakawhitinga |
| Te Whakamāramatanga |
Ka whakau i te taputapu tiaki kei roto i ngā āhuatanga e hiahiatia ana |
| Tītraining |
Ka whakarite te tāngata ki te whai i te whakaritenga whakahaere ESD kua tautuhia |
Ka taea e te pāmahana te pānga ki te hanga me te whakawhiti hiko, engari ko te whakahaere pāmahana anake kāore e noho hei pūnaha parepare ESD.
Te whakamātautau ESD, ngā paerewa, me te whakaora raru
Ko te whakamātautau ESD tika e whakawhirinaki ana ki te mōhio ka pūmau ki te arotake i te waahanga semiconductor, he whakahaere ESD, he mea whakahiato.
| Paerewa / Tikanga |
Te Whak目的 |
| ANSI/ESDA/JEDEC JS-001-2024 |
Te whakamātautau mō te pūtahi-tauira Model o te Tinana tangata |
| ANSI/ESDA/JEDEC JS-002-2025 |
Te whakamātautau mō te pūtahi-tauira Model o ngā taputapu hiko |
| IEC 61340-5-1:2024 |
Ngā whakaritenga hōtaka whakahaere ESD mō te whakahaere i ngā hiko |
| ANSI/ESD S20.20-2021 |
Ngā whakaritenga hōtaka whakahaere ESD |
| IEC 61000-4-2:2025 |
Te whakamātautau haumaru ESD mō ngā taputapu whakahuatanga |
Ko te IEC 61000-4-2 e tautuhi ana i te huarahi whakamātautau immunity i te pūnaha ngā -kāore e piri ana ngā momo whakaara, taumata whakamātautau, taputapu, me ngā whakaritenga hanga.
IEC 61000-4-2 Ngā Taumata Whakamātautau Tūmau
| Taumata |
Tīrangi Wewete |
Wewete Hau |
| 1 |
2 kV |
2 kV |
| 2 |
4 kV |
4 kV |
| 3 |
6 kV |
8 kV |
| 4 |
8 kV |
15 kV |
Ko te pānga e tika ana, ngā wāhi whakamātautau, ngā momo mahi, me ngā paerewa paahi me tango i ngā paerewa hua e tika ana.
Ngā Hātepe Ngaro ESD
Kaore ngā rerekētanga i whakaritea ka whakarite hei whakamātautau i te mōhio ka riro te ESD i te ngaro.
Ka taea te ngaro e pā ana ki te ESD, EOS, EFT, te huri whakarunga, te pāmahana, ngā hapa hanga, he pooti hiko, he raru kāore. Me whakahaere te whakahou me te arotake i te ngaro ki te tautuhi i te tikanga ki te whakahaere.
| Rerekētanga |
Ka taea te Māuiui |
Ka tūtohu Tirohia |
| Ka mate te Pūnaha mō te wā ka mahue |
Ka taea te taunakitanga i te semiconductor, he taputapu tiaki |
Tirohia ngā kāwai kōmiru, ngā mea kōhukihuki, ngā I/O e pāngia, me te whakahaere i te ngaro |
| Ka mutu te Port e mahi ana |
Ka taea te pāmahana tuwhera i roto i te rauwiringa |
Tirohia te IC wāhi, te whatunga tiaki, me te ara kaituku |
| Ka peia kāore e taea |
Ka taea te pāmahana rerekē i te wā ka whakakā, i te pūnaha hiko |
Tango te whakahou, kāwanatanga, me te whenua ka tautuhia e wātea ana |
| Ngā he kōrero |
Ka taea te pāmahana i te huarahi tohu, tukanga kōrero |
Tirohia te iara, te huarahi hoki, me te waahi tiaki |
| Ka hinga te TVS diode wāhi kotahi |
Ka taea te whakapakari i te tiaki |
Tūtohia te whakaritenga a te taputapu me te tirotiro i te ESD, EFT, huka, pāmahana, i ētahi atu pūtea raru |
| Eke ana te ngaro ki te whakauru |
Ka taea te pā mawiu me te hoahoa pāmahana |
Tirohia ngā pūnaha ngaro kāore e uno ki te whakaū me te arotake |
Ka taea te waiho wāhi te TVS diode e murua ana, kāore e rapu i te EFT, huka, EOS, te pāmahana, he raru kē, a kāore e tino tuhia hei whakamahinga ESD.
Te Whakaora i te Huanga ESD
I te wā e kereme ana ngā whakamātau ESD i te taumata taputapu, kāore e tirohia te IC e pāngia.
Tīmatahia ki te wahi ngaro, ā, tuhia ki te where e maheni ana te hiko puku.
Tirohia:
te keṭekete putanga, te whakamāori, te whakarite TVS, te huarahi honohono, te geometry hoki PCB, ngā pāwharangi pāngia i te kokonga, ngā kaki hiko, me te pūnaha whakahou.
Ka taea e te TVS diode tika te tuku kāore e parepare te pai i te pāmahana PCB ka kaha te hiko puku ki te whakapae atu.
Whakakapi
Ko te whakarewa hiko he whakaritanga i te wā poto e raru ana i ngā wāhanga i te whakahaere, e raru ana te taputapu hiko i runga i te whakahaere.
E hiahiatia ana te tiaki ESD tika ki te tautuhi i te puna ngaro, ki te mōhio i te pānga o ngā wāhanga, ki te tuku i ngā huarahi hiko puku, ki te whiriwhiri i ngā taputapu tiaki e pai ana, me te pupuri i ngā whakahaere whakaritenga.
Ko te HBM me te CDM he tauira momo pānga tauira, ko te IEC 61000-4-2 e arotake ana i te immunity i te pūnaha-ngā. Ka hono te tokoiti takiewe ki ngā hiko irirangi e iriti ana i ngā whakapānga rerekē.
Nā reira ko ngā hua pono e hiahiatia ana e pā ana ki ngā tikanga hiko ESD me te whakamahinga o te pūnaha/taki ki te whakahaere e mau ana ki te tikanga kotahi whakahaere.
Ngā Tohutohu Hangarau
[1] IEC 61340-5-1:2024, Electrostatics – Wāhanga 5-1: Te tiaki i ngā taputapu hiko i ngā hē hiko electrostatic – Ngā whakaritenga whānui.
[2] ANSI/ESD S20.20-2021, Te Hōtaka Whakahaere ESD mō te Tiaki i ngā Wahi me ngā Pātea Hiko, Whakahiato me ngā Pūnaha.
[3] IEC 61000-4-2:2025, Te whakarite pāpori - whakamātautau āheinga whakaheke hiko.
[4] ANSI/ESDA/JEDEC JS-001-2024, Whakamātautau Te Whakarite Pāpori - Te Whakamahi o te Tinana.
[5] ANSI/ESDA/JEDEC JS-002-2025, Whakamātautau Te Whakarite Pāpori - Te Whakamahi a te Wahi Charged.
