I te 8 o Mahuru, 2026, i tukuna e ASML e toru ngā panui nui i te rā kotahi, i te whakaatu i ngā mahi hou, i te whakarahihia, ki Intel Foundry, Samsung Electronics, me TSMC mō te high-numerical-aperture extreme ultraviolet lithography, e mōhiotia ana hei High-NA EUV. Kua whakahouhia ngā panui te aro o te ahumahi ki ngā photomask, he wāhanga nui engari ka nui te ngaromanga o te hanga pūmana.
Kei te haere ngā photomask pātea mai i ngā whakaritenga 6-inihi ki ngā whakaritenga 12-inihi. Ahakoa e haere ana ngā tino kaiwhakanao chip e toru i te ara kotahi, e whai ana ia ki tētahi rārangi wā me te tūhono rerekē.
He Ara Tahi: He Whakaaro Whakahaere i te I whakatū
E whakaatu ana ngā panui e toru he whakakotahitanga rautaki kaha i waenga i ngā kaiwhakanao chip.
Ko te tūāpapa tuatahi o te whakakao he whakawhitinga ki ngā photomask nui atu. E kī ana ngā panui e toru ko te ahumahi pūmana kua whakawhirinaki ki te whakaritenga photomask 6-inihi mō ngā tau. I te taenga mai o High-NA EUV, ka taea te huri ki ngā whakaritenga nui atu—ko te 12-inihi, ko ngā mask 6 × 12-inihi—ka taea te whakapai ake i te mahi whānui, te whakaiti i ngā utu hanga chip, me te tango i ngā here stitching. Ka taea ēnei hua te mea he mea tino whai wāhitanga te hanga i ngā whakangungu chip mō ngā whakatangitangi i ngā rā kei te heke mai.
Ko te tūāpapa tuarua ko te AI te kaiwhakatautoko i tenei whakawhitinga. E kī ana te panui e pā ana ki Intel, ko ngā kamupene e whakawhanake ana i ngā hua AI hiahia ki te noho tonu te auahatangahanga. E whakaatu ana te panui a Samsung ko te wā AI e huri ana i te ahumahi pūmana. Ko te panui a TSMC he mea mārama ake, e kī ana ka piki te kato o ngā rārangi e whakamahi ana i te High-NA EUV i te whakataetae o ngā pūkete, nāna i hīkina mai e te whakamahi i ngā hanganga transistor e pā ana ki ngā tono AI. Ko te pikinga o te hiahia mō te pūnaha AI e tere ana i te auahatanga i te whakawhitinga hanga.
Ko te tūāpapa tuatoru ko te pikinga o te hiahia mō te mahi tahi i te ekosistemu. I tāpiri a Intel ki te kai mahi tata me ASML, ngā kaiwhakanao mask, ngā kaiwhakarato whakatere, ngā hoa R&D, ngā kaiwhakarato rauemi, me ngā kaiwhakanao pūmana. I kī a Samsung ka mahi tonu me ngā hoa ahumahi. I whakarewahia e TSMC me ASML he kaupapa ahumahi, e whakaatu ana ko te mahi tahi ka taea te whakatuwhera i ngā kōwhiringa kāore e taea e tētahi kamupene kotahi te whakaū.
Ngā Ara Rerekē: Te Kaiwhakamahi Ākau, Te Kaiwhakahaere Hou, me te Kaiwhakahaere-Tahi
Ahakoa te aronga kotahi, he tino rerekē ngā kamupene e toru i ā rātou tuunga rautaki, ngā mahere hangarau, me ngā wāhanga hokohoko.
Kua mōhiotia a Intel e ASML hei kaihanga ākau, ā, hei tangata whakatū. I kī te Tumuaki o ASML, a Christophe Fouquet, ko Intel Foundry tētahi o ngā kaihanga i te ahumahi i tango i te hangarau High-NA. I whakauru a Intel i te punaha EXE umanga tuatahi i te 2024, i oti i a ia te whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga o ngā taputapu whakatūmomo hou, me te tuku i te chip logic tuatahi i hangaia i tēnei whānuitanga me te hangarau High-NA. I tino whakakīkihi a Fouquet e kī ana kua neke a Intel i te whakaritenga ki waho rawa atu i ngā mahere, ā, kua tukuna rātou i ngā hua.
Kei te uru a Samsung ki te kaupapa hei kaiwhakahaere nui o te ahumahi. E ai ki te panui, ka uru a Samsung ki te kaupapa ahumahi ki te whakatairanga i te hangarau photomask 12-inihi e whai ake nei. Ahakoa kāore a Samsung e whai i te kaupapa, ka tukuna mai e ia he mahere rerekē: ko te kamupene e whakaaro ana ka noho hei te tuatahi i te ahumahi ki te whakamahi i te High-NA EUV mō te hanga DRAM i te taumata nui i te 2028. Ka whakawhāiti tēnei i te tango i te High-NA i ngā chip logic ki te hanga pūmahara mō te wā tuatahi.
Ko TSMC, i te taha rerekē, he kaiwhakahaere-tahi. E kī ana te panui kua hanga e ASML me TSMC he kaupapa mahi tahi ki te ārahi i te whakawhitinga o te ahumahi pūmana ki ngā photomask EUV nui atu. Kāore e uru ki tētahi anga e noho ana, kei te mahi a TSMC me ASML ki te whakapūmautaki i tēnei āhuatanga me te āwhina ki te hanga i ngā paerewa mō te whakawhitinga.
E whakaatu ana ngā panui ko te hangarau High-NA kua whakamahia i te hanga nui mō ngā rārangi kua tīpakohia o ngā Intel Core Ultra Series 3 ngā pūhiko, e kīia ana ko Panther Lake. Ke rūpahu te pānui atu i te kotahi miriona ngā waihanga i whakakorehia, i te tika o te Overlay, te kaha o te mahi, me te wātea o te pūnaha kei te whakatutuki i ngā tūmanakohanga. E ai ki ngā pūrongo, kua tutuki ngā hua Intel 18A i hangaia me te hangarau High-NA i te rōrahi rite ki ngā rārangi e hua ana i ngā papamuri EUV e wātea ana.
Kei te whakaaro a Samsung ki te riro hei kamupene tuatahi ki te whakauru i te High-NA EUV i roto i te whakaputa DRAM nui i te tau 2028. I kii te kamupene ka whakaatu tēnei e taea ana te hangarau High-NA ki te tautoko i ngā whakaritenga ā-pūnaha me te pōkai.
Kei te whakaaro a TSMC ki te tīmata i te whakamahi i te hangarau High-NA mō te whakaputa nui i ngā taumata tiketike i te tau 2030. I whakapuaki hoki te kamupene i ngā wāhi e rua e āta matua ana: te whakatuwhera i tētahi rārangi whakamātautau mō te 12-inch photomask i te tau 2031 me te tautoko i te whakaurunga o ngā pūnaha lithography 12-inch High-NA ki te whakaputa taumata tiketike i te tau 2033.
He aha ngā Photomask Nui, ā, he aha te take e hiahia ana te Ao AI ki a rātou?
I tua atu i ngā ōrite me ngā rerekētanga i waenga i ngā kamupene e toru, ko tētahi pātai matua kei te toe: He aha ngā photomask nui e whai ana rātou, ā, he aha tā rātou tikanga mō te hanga chip i te ao AI?
Ko te photomask, i ngā wā kē ka kīia hei mask, hei reticle, he mahi hei “pānui” anō kua whakamahia i mua i te lithography semiconductor. Ko te pūnaha lithography EUV e tuku ana i te rama ultra-violet tino ki runga i tētahi photomask whakaata. Ko te tauira i whakaatuhia ka whakawhiti ki runga i te wafera silicon, e kawe ana i te hoahoa hiko ki runga i te papa wafera. Ko te mahi o te chip, te whakamahinga pūngao, me te hua e whakawhirinaki ana i te wāhanga ki te tika o te whakawhiti i ngā tauira hiko ēnā tākaro.
Kua whakamahia e te ahumahi semiconductor ngā photomask 6-inch hei tauira paerewa mō te maha o ngā tau. Nāna i riro te rahi i te rahi hei kaiwhakamahi mō ngā taumata āhuatanga o mua, engari ka mārama ake ōna here tinana ki te High-NA EUV.
Ko tētahi kaupapa whai pānga ko te stitching. I te mea he pātea te photomask 6-inch, ko tētahi hoahoa chip he nui rawa atu, he mōwhiti pea me te wātea ki te wehe ki ngā wāhi masks maha. Ka whakauruhia ngā tauira i wehewehe ki raro i ngā pātea maha. Ko tēnei tukanga e piki ake ana i te uaua whakaputa, e whakarato ana i ngā raru whakamāmā me ngā mōrea hua. E kī ana te pānui Intel ko tāna whakaritenga hoahoa tukanga e tautoko ana i te stitching, i te mea ko tētahi whāinga o te whakawhitu ki ngā photomask nui ake ko te whakakore i ngā hera stitching.
Ka neke ki ngā photomask 12-inch—nāna i tāpiri te 6 × 12-inch e Intel—ka whakawhānui i te wātea o te mask. Ka taea e te rahi nui te pokanoa ki te ākonga chip i roto i te pātea kotahi, e whakaiti ana, e whakakore ana i te hiahia mō te stitching. Ka taea hoki te whakapai ake i te whaihua fab, te poto o te wāhanga wafera, te whakaiti i ngā utu whakaputa, me te whakangāu i ngā whakatūpato tukanga.
Ko ngā chip AI ka kitea he āhuatanga o ngā rahi die nui, ngā hanganga transistor uaua, me te pātea I/O teitei. Ko ngā GPU mai i NVIDIA, ngā kaikawe AI mai i AMD, me ngā pūnaha pokatokato rorohiko a Intel e pātea ana i ngā rahi o ngā pūnaha PC tuku iho, ā, ka taea pea te whakauru i ngā mano, rōpū, rōpū, rōpū, rōpū, rōpū i ngā transistors. I te mea i kōrero a TSMC i roto i tāna pānui, ko ngā hanganga transistor e tino uaua ana mō ngā tono AI ka kawe i te tipu tonu o te rahi o ngā paparanga e hiahia ana ki te High-NA EUV.
I raro i ngā matatini o ngā photomask 6-inch, ko te whakaputa i ngā chip AI e tino uaua ana ka hiahia pea i te stitching. I te mea ka tipu haere ngā hoahoa chip AI, ka hangaia e te stitching ngā wero nui e pā ana ki te uaua tukanga, te tika whakaū, me te hua. Ko te tauira photomask 12-inch e tuku ana i tētahi otinga pūmau mā te whakaiti i ngā here tinana e pā ana ki te rahi o te mask. Ka taea e tēnei te āwhina i ngā kaihanga chip ki te whakauru i ngā transistors atu i roto i te hoahoa chip pātea kotahi i te wa e āwhina ana i te mahi chip AI i te utu iti me te mea nui ake te pono whakaputa.